Linux

Linux is a popular Open Source operating system developed originally to be similar to UNIX, but free to download and modify. There are countless different distributions of Linux, and it is being used in nearly every conceivable application.

It differs from BSD derivatives in several key ways. The most obvious and basic distinction is that Linux includes popular packages in a default install, where most BSDs consider anything but the base operating system as 'extra'. This has led to criticism of the core Linux distribution as being 'bloated'.

Linux Distributions

Debian

  • Debian
  • Debian is a free, Open Source operating system project, and notable for being one of the more popular variants. Many other Linux projects are actually based off of Debian, including Ubuntu. Debian is well known for its project management style, which involves a strict hierarchy of developers, and also very stringent requirements for what changes can be made to the operating system's core installation

Fedora

  • Fedora
  • Fedora Linux is an Open Source operating system project sponsored by Red Hat and community development from the Fedora Project. Fedora is notable for having a short development cycle, and sharing its updates with the Linux project in general. Linus Torvalds (author of the Linux kernel) has said that he uses Fedora himself, based on its support for uncommon processor architectures.

Gentoo

  • Gentoo
  • Gentoo is a free Linux distribution based around an adaptation of the FreeBSD ports system. This means that it is exceptionally easy to install precompiled software that is correct for the user's architecture, and adds to the portability and usability of the operating system in general.

openSUSE

  • openSUSE
  • openSUSE is a general purpose operating system built on top of the Linux kernel, developed by the community-supported openSUSE Project, sponsored by SUSE and a number of other companies. After Novell acquired SUSE Linux in January 2004, Novell decided to release the SUSE Linux Professional product as a 100% open source project. In 2011 Attachmate acquired Novell and split Novell and SUSE into two autonomous business units. SUSE offers products and services around SUSE Linux Enterprise -- their commercial offering that is based on openSUSE Linux. - Wikipedia

Ubuntu

  • Ubuntu
  • Ubuntu is currently the most popular Linux distribution, with some 12 million users worldwide as of 2010. It is distributed as free and Open Source software, however, its developer, Canonical, also has commercial support offerings. Ubuntu is designed primarily with desktop users in mind, but has been adapted for use elsewhere.

Slackware

  • Slackware
  • Slackware is the oldest Linux distribution still in development. Created in 1993, its aim is to provide the most "UNIX-like" operating system possible. Slackware's development focus is on system simplicity and stability with all the basic needs of the desktop and server environments. Geared towards the advanced user, this distribution is a Linux solution well suited for IT academics and professionals. Development of Slackware Linux is funded through sales of software and novelty items at the Slackware store.